70 Interesting Facts About It’s a Wonderful Life: Part 3

There truly is no other film like Frank Capra’s “It’s a Wonderful Life.” While it might not have been an overnight success to begin with, the film has become a beautiful reminder that, although nobody’s perfect and life doesn’t always turn out exactly the way you want it to, that doesn’t mean it isn’t worth-living. This blog will conclude our tribute to the 70th anniversary of the release of “It’s a Wonderful Life.” Please feel free to comment if you’d like! 

• Adventures in Odyssey: The Radio Series (1987-present) used the plot line for “Wonderful Life,” as episode of their series, entitled “It’s a Pokenberry Christmas,” with George Barclay, one of the show’s protagonists, contemplating his life. 
• Although Frank Capra lost the Best Director Oscar for “Wonderful Life,” to William Wyler for “The Best Years of Our Lives,” he did manage to win the Golden Globe for Best Director. (That was the only Golden Globe nomination the film received.) 
• The same year Jimmy Stewart made “Mr. Smith” (1939), he made another film with nearly the same title: a comedy titled It’s a Wonderful World (1939).
• Edward Stevenson, who designed the costumes for “Wonderful Life,” also designed the costumes for Citizen Kane (1941), which like “Wonderful Life,” was also a box office flop in its initial release. Since then it has gained a great deal of popularity today. (“Kane” was also a release of RKO Radio pictures.)
• Dimitri Tiomkin scored the music for “Wonderful Life,” and also scored the music for Frank Capra’s “Lost Horizon,” and “Mr. Smith,” earning Best Original Score Oscar Nominations for both.
• Joseph Walker-Frank Capra’s favorite cinematographer-was one of the cinematographers for “Wonderful Life.” Walker was also the cinematographer for Frank Capra’s It Happened One Night (1934), Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936) as well as “You Can’t Take It with You,” and “Mr. Smith.” (Joseph F. Biroc and Victor Milner were the other two cinematographers for “Wonderful Life.”) 
• Jimmy Stewart was good friends with Carol Burnett. Having been a fan of him since childhood, Burnett provided commentary on the documentary “Jimmy Stewart: A Wonderful Life,” where she acknowledges that her favorite moment in “Wonderful Life,” is the bar scene where George becomes emotional and prays.
• Claude Rains, who played Senator Joseph Paine in “Mr. Smith,” was in consideration for the role of Mr. Potter.
• Vincent Price, at one point, was also in consideration for the role of Mr. Potter.
• Before Frank Capra cast Henry Travers as Clarence the Angel, he considered Travers for the roles of Pa Bailey, Uncle Billy, and Mr. Gower.
• Olivia de Haviland was in consideration for the role of Mary Bailey.
• Ginger Rogers was also in consideration for the role of Mary Bailey.
• Jimmy the Raven, who plays Uncle Billy’s pet raven in “Wonderful Life,” made his debut in “You Can’t Take It with You.” He also appeared in every one of Frank Capra’s movies.
• When the film transitions into the late 1930’s Mr. Potter offers George a job starting at $20,000 a year. That amount would be equivalent to $337,730 today.  
• After the release of the film, Frank Capra received a great deal of flak for the fact that Mr. Henry Potter receives no retribution as result for his horrible actions throughout the film.
• Up till that time, “snow” in movies was made of corn flakes painted white. That is not the case of the “snow” in “Wonderful Life.” Because of how large the set was, the “snow” was made up of 3,000 tons of shaved ice, 300 tons of gypsum, 300 tons of plaster, and 6,000 gallons of a mixture of foamite, soap, and water.
• Despite the fact that most of the film takes place at Christmas time, the film was shot while the state of California was experiencing a humongous heat wave. The heat became so overwhelming at one point, that Frank Capra agreed to let the whole cast and crew have the day off.
• At the scene of the film where Uncle Billy is drunk and talking to George after the Bailey family has celebrated the addition of Harry’s wife Ruth to their family, as soon as Thomas Mitchell walked off camera a technician of the film accidentally knocked over a stack of props. Because of the fact that loud crashing noise sounded as though Uncle Billy had crashed into a line of garbage cans, Thomas Mitchell improvised the line “I’m alright, I’m alright,” and the technician was given a $10 bonus from Frank Capra for improving the scene.
• At the scene of the film where George is graciously giving the money that he would have spent on his honeymoon to the townspeople of Bedford Falls, Frank Capra told Ellen Corby, who played Ms. Davis in the film, to surprise George. She came up with the line, “Could I have $17.50?” and George’s reaction to her request was real-as Jimmy Stewart reacted to the improvisation in real life. 
• James Stewart passed away on July 2nd, 1997. The year prior to that, 1996, marked 50 years since the release of “Wonderful Life.”

70 Interesting Facts about It’s a Wonderful Life: Part 2

This blog continues our tribute to the 70th anniversary of the release of “It’s a Wonderful Life,” Frank Capra’s beloved holiday classic. Comment and let me know you’re favorite thing about the movie.

• The film originally started out as an short story entitled The Greatest Gift by Philip Van Doren Stern.
• When RKO Radio Pictures reserved the movie rights for the story they originally wanted Cary Grant to play the role of George Bailey. When Frank Capra came on to write the script, he rewrote it especially for Jimmy Stewart.
• The film’s distributing company, RKO Radio pictures also distributed a number of Disney films from 1936 to 1954, including Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) and Pinocchio (1940). (Dickie Jones who voiced Pinocchio in Pinocchio worked with Jimmy Stewart in “Mr. Smith,” and Destry Rides Again (1939)).
• H.B. Warner, who played Mr. Gower the druggist in “Wonderful Life,” also appeared in “Lost Horizon,” “Mr. Smith,” and several other Frank Capra films. (He received a Best Supporting Actor Oscar Nomination for “Lost Horizon.”)
• Thomas Mitchell/“Uncle Billy” was a close friend of “Wonderful Life,” co-star Lionel Barrymore’s brother, John Barrymore. Both were in a Hollywood entourage of drinkers and raconteurs that included Errol Flynn, W.C. Fields, Charles MacArthur, Roland Young, and Anthony Quinn.
• Both Jimmy Stewart and Donna Reed are Academy Award Winners. While Stewart was already a winner (Best Actor in “Philadelphia Story,”) by the time of “Wonderful Life,” Reed won the Best Supporting Actress Oscar for From Here to Eternity (1953).
• Thomas Mitchell and Lionel Barrymore also won their Oscars prior to “Wonderful Life.”: Mitchell for “Stagecoach,” and Barrymore in the category of Best Actor for A Free Soul (1931).
• There have been two different musical adaptations of “Wonderful Life.” The first,“A Wonderful Life,” was adapted in 1987 and was performed at the University of Michigan. The second, titled “It’s a Wonderful Life: The Musical,” premiered at the Majestic Theatre in Dallas, Texas in 1998 and remained the theater’s annual Christmas show for 5 years. (I had the good fortune of seeing the musical in ’02.)
• The fictional town of Bedford Falls, New York in the film was inspired by the town of Seneca Falls, New York. Seneca Falls is currently home to an “It’s a Wonderful Life,” Museum.
• When Karolyn Grimes/“Zuzu Bailey” made “Wonderful Life,” in 1946, she also filmed Irving Berlin’s Blue Skies (1946) with Fred Astaire and Bing Crosby that same year. (Holiday Inn (1942), and “Blue Skies,” both featured the song “White Christmas,” before Bing Crosby made White Christmas (1954)). 
• Grimes also appeared in another beloved Holiday film the following year, The Bishop’s Wife (1947) with Cary Grant. 
• Robert J. Anderson, Karolyn Grimes’s co-star in “The Bishop’s Wife,” portrayed Little George in “Wonderful Life.”
• Before Frank Capra came on as the film’s main screenwriter, Dalton Trumbo, Dorothy Parker, Marc Connelly and Clifford Odets all did uncredited work on the script.
• Both Jimmy Stewart and Donna Reed went on to have their own television shows, The Jimmy Stewart Show (1971-1972) and The Donna Reed Show (1958-1966). 
• Jimmy Stewart’s final acting job before permanently retiring was lending his voice to the character of Wylie Burp, the dog-sheriff in Universal’s An American Tail: Fievel Goes West (1991), the sequel to An American Tail (1986).
• 6 years prior to “Wonderful Life,” Jimmy Stewart made The Shop Around the Corner (1940) with Margaret Sullavan. This film was remade in 1998 with Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan: You’ve Got Mail.
• In the Graduation Party Scene at the beginning of the movie, the swimming pool that opens up beneath the gym floor is actually a real pool that was located at Beverly Hills High School in Los Angeles.
• Jimmy Stewart was intimidated by the phone kiss scene in the film because it would be his first kiss scene since his return to Hollywood from the war. The scene was successfully shot in one unrehearsed take.
• Frank Capra predicted that “Wonderful Life,” could be filmed in a total of 90 days. He was correct and the whole cast and crew threw a party at the end of the shoot.
• A photograph of of Jimmy Stewart at the age of 6 months was donated by his parents especially for the movie. It was used in the Bailey home set.
• The set for “Wonderful Life,” was built in two months. It covered four acres of RKO’s Encino Ranch making it one of the longest sets ever for an American film.
• Mr. Potter’s wheelchair in the film is Lionel Barrymore’s real-life wheelchair. Barrymore acted from a wheelchair from 1938 throughout the rest of his career due to the effects of arthritis and a hip injury.
• In 1946, the year of release of “Wonderful Life,”’s release, RKO also released Disney’s Make Mine Music (1946).
• The husband and wife team of Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett co-wrote the screenplay for “Wonderful Life,” with Frank Capra. Goodrich and Hackett also wrote The Thin Man (1934), Easter Parade (1948), Father of the Bride (1950) and Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954). In 1956, Goodrich and Hackett also won two Tony Awards as Best Authors of a Play for their script for the play The Diary of Anne Frank. They re-wrote their script for the film version of the play in 1959.
• H.B. Warner signed on to play Mr. Gower on April 4th, 1946, and Samuel S. Hinds signed on to play Peter Bailey the very next day.     

70 Interesting Facts about It’s a Wonderful Life: Part 1

On December 21st, 1946, the Globe Theatre in New York City held the premiere for Frank Capra’s It’s a Wonderful Life (1946). The film received mixed reviews after it’s premiere, and was a huge flop when it was released worldwide. When it began to air on television in the 1970s, it became popular with the public, and now stands one of the most beloved movies of all time. It has been seven decades since the release of this movie, so in honor of its 70th anniversary, let’s celebrate with “70 Interesting Facts about ‘It’s a Wonderful Life.’” This and the next two blogs will have 20-25 facts-comment and let me know you’re favorite things about it.

• The film was nominated for five Academy Award: (Best Picture, Best Actor-James Stewart, Best Editing, Best Sound, Recording, and Best Director-Frank Capra).
• Prior to “Wonderful Life,” Jimmy Stewart appeared under the direction of good friend/frequent collaborator, Frank Capra, in two other movies, You Can’t Take It with You (1938) and Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939). 
• Jean Arthur had played Stewart’s love interest in prior Capra movies and she was also the original choice for the role of Mary Bailey. 
• Jimmy Stewart worked with “Wonderful Life,” co-star Lionel Barrymore in “You Can’t Take It with You,” and a radio program called We Hold These Truths. 
• Lionel Barrymore helped convince Stewart to accept the role George in “Wonderful Life,” when Stewart was skeptical about going back to work after returning home from World War 2.
• Samuel S. Hinds, who played Pa Bailey in “Wonderful Life,” also worked with Jimmy Stewart, Lionel Barrymore and Frank Capra in “You Can’t Take It with You.” 
• The Best Years of Our Lives (1946) beat “Wonderful Life,” in all the Oscar categories that it was nominated for.
• Beulah Bondi who played Ma Bailey in “Wonderful Life,” also played Jimmy Stewart’s mother in three other films, including “Mr. Smith,” Of Human Hearts (1938) (Best Supporting Actress Oscar Nominee), and Vivacious Lady (1938). She also played Stewart’s mother in an episode of The Jimmy Stewart Show (1971-1972).
• Thomas Mitchell played Uncle Billy Bailey in “Wonderful Life,” and also appeared under Frank Capra’s direction in Lost Horizon (1937) and “Mr. Smith.” The same year of “Mr. Smith,” Mitchell also made Gone With the Wind (1939) and Stagecoach (1939), making him the star of 3 movies that year that were all nominated for the Best Picture Oscar. (“Stagecoach,” also earned Mitchell the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. In ’39, Jimmy Stewart was also nominated for Best Actor in “Mr. Smith.”)
• Jimmy Stewart received a total of five Best Actor Oscar Nominations in his career, the first of which was for “Mr. Smith,” and the third for “Wonderful Life.” (He won on his 2nd Nomination for The Philadelphia Story (1940) and he also received an Honorary Oscar in 1985.)
• “Wonderful Life,” was Donna Reed’s first role as a “Leading Lady.”
• Frank Capra stated in the later years of his life that “Wonderful Life,” was his favorite of all his films. 
• Jimmy Stewart said the same of all his films in the later years of his life.
• “Wonderful Life,” was the very first film produced by Liberty Films.
• In the scene in the film where George and Mary break the windows in the old Granville House, Frank Capra hired a marksman to throw the ball for Donna Reed, instead of Reed doing it herself. Surprisingly, Reed was able to break the window by herself without the help of a marksman having, played baseball in high school.
• In 2004, the BBC magazine “Radio Times,” ranked “Wonderful Life,” as the “second Best Film to have never won an Oscar.” (The Shawshank Redemption (1994) was first.) 
• In 2007, the American Film Institute scored “Wonderful Life,” in its #20 Greatest Movies of All Time.
• There has been a long-time rumor that Bert and Ernie from Sesame Street (1969-present) were named after Bert the cop and Ernie the cab driver from “Wonderful Life.” In 2000, Jim Henson’s long-time writing partner, Jerry Juhl confirmed that rumor to be 100% false.
• Sheldon Leonard, who played Nick the bartender in “Wonderful Life,” later went on to become a renowned television producer, producing many of the world’s most beloved sit-coms including: The Andy Griffith Show (1960-1968), The Dick Van Dyke Show (1961-1966) and Gomer Pyle: USMC (1964-1969). In addition to that, Leonard’s first and last names were used as the names of the two main characters in CBS’s The Big Bang Theory (2007-present), Leonard Hofstadter and Sheldon Cooper.
• “Wonderful Life,” was remade into a television movie entitled It Happened One Christmas, in 1977, where it told the same story but with gender-reversal. Mary Bailey was the film’s main protagonist., portrayed by Marlo Thomas, the daughter of frequent Sheldon Leonard collaborator, Danny Thomas.
• In 1987, MGM/UA distributed a special documentary on Jimmy Stewart’s life entitled “Jimmy Stewart: A Wonderful Life.” In the documentary, Jimmy tells good friend, Johnny Carson that his favorite scene in “Wonderful Life,” is the scene in the bridge house with Clarence where George first tells Clarence that he wishes that he had never been born.
• The movie was remade again into another television film titled Clarence in 1990. The film told the same story through the perspective of the guardian angel with Robert Carridine as the title character.
• In “Wonderful Life,” Jimmy Stewart plays George Bailey who goes on to become the father of four young children throughout the story of the movie. In real life, Jimmy Stewart was the father of four children, two biological and two adopted.
• Charles Lane played the rent collector in “Wonderful Life,” and also appeared in several other Frank Capra films.
• Karolyn Grimes, who played Zuzu Bailey, never watched the film until thirty-four years after it came out in 1980. She stated in a 2013 interview that she “never took the time,” to do so.

Karen and Matthew: Two Disney Peas in a Pod

Walt Disney’s Mary Poppins (1964) is one of the most special films in the history of the studio and there are many reasons why: Beautiful music, exquisite costumes, heartwarming dialogue, breathtaking scenery, and of course, wonderful acting performances. Julie Andrews was a hit in her Oscar-winning film debut performance as Mary Poppins, with Dick Van Dyke portraying lovable chimney sweep Bert. David Tomlinson and Glynis Johns played Mr. and Mrs. George Banks, and Karen Dotrice and Matthew Garber played their children, Jane and Michael. Did you happen to know that, like many stars of classic Disney films, the children also have a remarkable history at the studio.

Karen Dotrice and Matthew Garber made their debut at the Disney Studios starring together in The Three Lives of Thomasina (1963). They made “Mary Poppins,” next and The Gnome-Mobile (1967). In both “Poppins,” and “Gnome-Mobile,” they portrayed brother and sister, but their characters in “Thomasina,” were not related. 

Dotrice and Garber were fortunate enough to work with Ed Wynn in both “Poppins,” and “Gnome-Mobile.” As they shot the “I Love to Laugh sequence,” in “Mary Poppins,” (with Ed Wynn as the laughing Uncle Albert) they had to be hung from wires all day. Matthew Garber disliked being hung from the wires, but someone who worked on the film offered him a dime for every take that he did of the sequence, and he made a great deal of money as a result! 

After “Gnome-Mobile,” Garber permanently retired from the acting world and unfortunately passed away at the untimely age of 21 as a result of pancreatic cancer.

Dotrice’s family, is overrun with actors. Her parent met and married while performing in repertory theatre in England. Her godfather was Charles Laughton, who was married to Elsa Lanchester, who portrayed Katie Nanna in “Mary Poppins.” Her father Roy, was also a close friend of the Garber family. (It was because of him that Matthew Garber won the role of Michael Banks in “Poppins.”) Karen Dotrice continued acting until 1984.     

At which point, she became a full-time wife and mother, marrying actor Alex Hyde-White in 1986. (Alex Hyde-White went portrayed David Morse in Pretty Woman (1990) for Disney. His father, Wilfrid Hyde-White, played Colonel Pickering in My Fair Lady (1964) and made In Search of the Castaways for Disney in 1965). In 1987, Karen Dotrice’s older sister, Michele Dotrice married Golden-Globe Winning actor Edward Woodward. (Woodward received his Golden Globe for the Drama Series The Equalizer (1985-1989 and also starred in the Emmy-Nominated television adaptation of Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol (1984) with George C. Scott, playing the role of the Ghost of Christmas Present.)    

Dotrice and Hyde-White’s marriage produced one son, Garrick, but unfortunately resulted in divorce in 1992. Dotrice remarried in 1994 to television producer Ned Nalle and they have a daughter and a son together, Isabella and Griffin. Today, Dotrice makes public appearances and provides commentary for various Disney projects including the documentaries Walt: The Man Behind the Myth (2001) and The Boys: The Sherman Brothers Story (2009). She and Matthew Garber were both named Disney legends in 2004 which was the 40th anniversary of “Poppins.”

Karen Dotrice and Matthew Garber’s performances as Jane and Michael Banks were just two of many assets that helped make “Mary Poppins,” the classic that it’s been for the last 52 years. While “Poppins,” is arguably the best work for both of these child actors, their adorable brother/sisterly chemistry was maintained throughout the course of all three of their Disney films. There is currently a sequel to “Poppins,” entitled Mary Poppins Returns in the pre-production stages at Disney. It will star Emily Blunt as the title character and Emily Mortimer and Ben Whishaw as grown-up Jane and Michael Banks. The sequel has a planned released date of Christmas Day 2018.   

The Music Clan of Newman

Many of Disney’s best-known films are musicals. There are, however, several films produced by Disney that are not musicals, yet still have entertaining songs and background scores as non-diegetic elements of the stories, i.e. Toy Story (1995), Monsters, Inc. (2001), and Finding Nemo (2003). For each of those films, Disney has hired a great deal of talented people who have also applied their talents to major Hollywood Blockbuster films as well, and one such person is Randy Newman.

Coming from a family of musicians, Randy Newman was hired by Pixar to compose the music for “Toy Story,” Pixar Animation Studios’s very first collaboration with Disney. Newman received two Academy Award nominations for his work on “Toy Story,” including Best Original Score and Best Original Song, “You’ve Got a Friend in Me.” Thanks to the success of “Toy Story,” Newman was hired by Disney to compose for James and the Giant Peach (1996), which also earned him another Best Original Score Oscar Nomination. 

He was rehired by Pixar to score A Bug’s Life (1998), and Toy Story 2 (1999). For “A Bug’s Life,” he received another Best Original Score Oscar Nomination and for “Toy Story 2,” he got a Best Original Song Nomination for the song, “When She Loved Me.” Finally, after a total of 15 nominations (including his nominations for the previous Pixar films, as well as for films like Parenthood (1989), The Paper (1994) and Pleasantville (1998)) Randy Newman won an Academy Award in the category of Best Original Song for the song “If I Didn’t Have You,” from the movie, Monsters, Inc. (2001). He got another nomination that same year for his score for the same film. Newman also scored Cars (2006), The Princess and the Frog (2009), Toy Story 3 (2010), and Monsters University (2013). For “Toy Story 3,” Newman won a second Best Original Song Oscar for the song “We Belong Together.” He is currently attached to score Cars 3 (2017) and Toy Story 4 (2018).

Randy Newman’s cousin, Thomas Newman, has also scored a variety of Disney films. He received Best Original Score Oscar Nominations for scoring Finding Nemo (2003), Wall-E (2008). He also composed for Disney’s recent live-action biopic, Saving Mr. Banks (2013) and this year’s Finding Dory (2016). Thomas Newman was Disney’s original choice to score Wreck-It Ralph (2012), but he was unable to do so due to his commitments with the James Bond film, Skyfall (2012). Unlike his cousin, Thomas Newman never won an Oscar despite a total of thirteen Academy Award Nominations.. He also scored films like The Shawshank Redemption (1994), American Beauty (1999), and A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004).

Thomas Newman’s older brother, David Newman, is another talented composer who has done the music for a variety of Disney films. David Newman scored Frankenweenie (1984) which is a short produced by the studio that was directed by Tim Burton, as well as The Brave Little Toaster (1987), DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp (1990), The Mighty Ducks (1992), and 102 Dalmatians (2000). David Newman earned one Academy Award Nomination for Best Original Score for the movie Anastasia (1997), which was directed by former Disney Animator, Don Bluth. David Newman also scored the beloved sports classic, The Sandlot (1993) and several classic Eddie Murphy films, including The Nutty Professor (1996), Nutty Professor 2: The Klumps (2000), Dr. Doolittle 2 (2001), Daddy Day Care (2003), and Norbit (2007).

Music is a gift that clearly runs in all the Newmans and will continue to do so for years to come. And they each have received some well-deserved accolades for their work. While each of these composers have written music for non-musicals, their music has similar potential to be remembered by the public as music from a musical would. Just like the Sherman Brothers and Alan Menken, the Newmans have written a great deal of memorable music.   

Shakespeare’s Love for Disney

On December 11th, 1998, Miramax Studios and Universal Studios released the movie, Shakespeare in Love, to limited theaters. The film was nationally released on January 8th, 1999. The movie was a success critically, publicly and financially, and won 7 Academy Awards, including Best Picture. Several of the cast members of “Shakespeare in Love,” have intriguing connections to the Walt Disney Studios. 

Gwyneth Paltrow received the Best Actress Academy Award for her performance as Viola De Lesseps in “Shakespeare in Love.” Prior to that, Paltrow starred in the Touchstone Pictures film Duets (1995) and she currently plays Virginia “Pepper” Potts in Marvel’s Iron Man Franchise (2008-2013) and The Avengers (2012).

Geoffrey Rush received a Best Supporting Actor Oscar Nomination for his performance as Philip Henslowe in “Shakespeare in Love.” In 2003, Rush portrayed Captain Hector Barbossa in Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl and voiced Nigel the Pelican in Disney/Pixar’s Finding Nemo. Rush has reprised his role as Barbossa for each of the “Pirates,” sequels Dead Man’s Chest (2006), At World’s End (2007), On Stranger Tides (2011), and will do so again for the upcoming 5th installment in the “Pirates” series, Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (2017).

Judi Dench won the Best Supporting Actress Academy Award for her 8-minute performance as Queen Elizabeth I in “Shakespeare in Love.” Dench provided the voice of Mrs. Calloway the Cow in Home on the Range (2004), is the current narrator for Spaceship Earth at Epcot in Walt Disney World, and she also made a cameo as a wealthy woman in “Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides.” (Dench also reunited with “Shakespeare in Love,” director, John Madden for the movie, The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel and its sequel, The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2015)).

Tom Wilkinson played Hugh Fennyman in “Shakespeare in Love.” For Disney, Wilkinson played Latham Cole in The Lone Ranger (2013). Like Judi Dench, Tom Wilkinson also starred in “The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel.” 

Colin Firth portrayed Lord Wessex in “Shakespeare in Love.” Firth voiced Fred, Ebenezer Scrooge’s nephew in Disney’s 2009 adaptation of A Christmas Carol and is currently attached to star in the upcoming sequel to Mary Poppins, Mary Poppins Returns (2018). (Firth also reunited with Geoffrey Rush for The King's Speech (2010) which earned them both Oscar Nominations for their performances; Firth for Best Actor and Rush for Best Supporting Actor. Firth won.)

Imelda Staunton played the role of the Nurse in “Shakespeare in Love.” Staunton voice the Tall Flower Faces in Disney’s live-action adaptation of Alice in Wonderland (2010) and played Knotgrass in Maleficent (2014). Staunton played Delores Umbridge in the Harry Potter film series (2001-2011). 

Rupert Everett played Christopher Marlowe in “Shakespeare in Love.” For Disney, Everett played Dr. Claw in Inspector Gadget (1999) and voiced the fox in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe (2005).

Mark Williams acted the role of Wabash in “Shakespeare in Love.” Williams played Horace in Disney’s live-action adaptation of 101 Dalmatians (1996). Like Staunton, Mark Williams played Mr. Arthur Weasley in “Harry Potter.”

“Shakespeare in Love,” is currently #50 on American Film Institute’s list of 100 Passions. The film also received a Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture (Paltrow also received a SAG Award and a Golden Globe Award for performance. Dench was nominated for both awards, but lost. Dench did, however, receive a British Academy Film Award for her performance.) In nearly two decades since its release “Shakespeare in Love,” remains a great achievement for each of the actors who were in it, as well as its team of producers, Harvey Weinstein, Edward Zwick, Marc Norman, David Parfitt, and Donna Gigliotti.

Candid about Enchanted

Throughout the history of the Walt Disney Studios, incredible forms of technology have been introduced to the world that have never ceased to amaze film audiences. From the “Ink and Paint,” style on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), to the Xerox Process on 101 Dalmatians (1961), to the “live actors in an animated background” style on Mary Poppins (1964), to the very first computer-animated movie Toy Story (1995), Disney has innovated to produce exciting new movies. In 2007, Disney produced their first feature-length movie-musical that was the reverse of “Mary Poppins.” “Enchanted,” instead brought to life animated characters in a live-action background. While the same techniques had been applied to the movie, Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) nearly 20 years earlier, “Enchanted,” was the first movie-musical consisting of those techniques. “Enchanted,” has several remarkable connections to other Disney films, and I thought we could explore those today.

The film tells the story of Princess Giselle (played by Amy Adams), how falls in love with Prince Edward (played by James by Marsden) in the animated kingdom of Andalasia. But she gets forced out of the kingdom by the evil Queen Narissa (played by Susan Sarandon) and falls down a wishing well where she ends up in the colorful, yet sophisticated, New York City.  There she falls in love with lawyer, Robert Philip (played by Patrick Dempsey).  It didn’t win any awards, but it was a huge hit with audiences.

Alan Menken, composer of “The Little Mermaid,” “Beauty and the Beast,” and many other Disney classics, reunited with lyricist/good friend Stephen Schwartz to compose the songs for “Enchanted.” Schwartz collaborated with Menken on the songs for “Pocahontas,” and The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996). Schwartz and Menken received 3 Oscar Nominations for their work on “Enchanted,” for the songs: “Happy Working Song,” “That’s How You Know,” and “So Close.” The film also received 2 Golden Globe Nominations for Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture: Musical or Comedy for Amy Adams and Best Original Song “That’s How You Know.”

Some interesting trivia about the movie: 

In addition to Amy Adams playing Princess Giselle, the film featured cameos by other actresses who have voiced Disney Princesses: Jodie Benson, best known throughout the world as the voice of Ariel in The Little Mermaid (1989), played Sam, Robert’s secretary in “Enchanted.” Paige O’Hara who voiced Belle in Beauty and the Beast (1991) played Angela, a soap opera character who is seen in the hotel room where Prince Edward is flipping through the television channels and comes to a soap opera parodying “Beauty and the Beast.” Judy Kuhn who provided the singing voice of Pocahontas in Pocahontas (1995) played the pregnant woman with kids in the scene where Prince Edward goes in search of Giselle. 

Idina Menzel, who would later go on to voice Queen Elsa in Frozen (2013), played Nancy Tremaine, Robert’s fiancé, who interestingly was named after Cinderella’s stepmother, Lady Tremaine, from Cinderella (1950).

Timothy Spall who played Nathaniel, Queen Narissa’s right-hand-man, went on to voice Bayard the Bloodhound in Tim Burton’s Alice in Wonderland (2010) and Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016). (In both those films, Johnny Depp portrayed the Mad Hatter. Depp co-starred with Spall in Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007)). 

Kevin Lima, who directed “Enchanted,” has worked on a variety of animated and live-action films for Disney. Lima worked as a character designer on Oliver and Company (1988) and “The Little Mermaid,” and directed A Goofy Movie (1995), Tarzan (1999), and 102 Dalmatians (2000). In “Enchanted,” Lima also provided the voice of Pip the Chipmunk in the New York Scenes.

Julie Andrews of Mary Poppins (1964) fame, narrated “Enchanted.” In the “That’s How You Know,” sequence there is an elderly man dancing in the background who played a chimney sweep in “Mary Poppins.” 

In the scene where Edward is searching for Giselle on the New York tourist busses, there is a scene with a poster for Superman Returns (2006) in the background which starred James Marsden who plays “Enchanted’s” Prince Edward. In that same scene, there is also a poster for the Broadway musical Wicked, which starred Idina Menzel in the original cast.

A couple more fun notes:

Queen Narissa turns into a dragon at the very end of the movie, just like Maleficent in Sleeping Beauty (1959).

Before Giselle and Edward go on their “date” in New York, there is a brief moment where Edward is looking at his reflection in his sword and grins into it, just like Gaston does in the “Belle” sequence in “Beauty and the Beast.”

“Enchanted,” truly is one of Disney’s most unique films. There are currently plans for a possible sequel to the film at Disney, which is to be titled Disenchanted. The special technology of this film helps continue Disney’s magical legacy of family entertainment. 

Two Friends of the King

On June 24th, 1994, Walt Disney Animation Studios released The Lion King. The film was a critical and commercial success, winning the Oscars and Golden Globes for Best Original Score and Best Original Song “Can You Feel the Love Tonight.” In the 22 years since the film’s release, it remains a classic, but it also marked the beginning of a special friendship between two of the film’s voice cast members…

  Nathan Lane, who was cast as the voice of Timon the meerkat, originally auditioned for the role of Banzai the hyena during rehearsal breaks for his Tony-nominated run in the 1992 Broadway Revival of Guys and Dolls. (The studio told him that they did not want him for the role of Banzai, and offered him Timon instead). At the summer premier of “Lion King,” Lane met Mathew Broderick, who had provided the voice for Adult Simba for the first time.

Lane and Broderick got reacquainted as the two leads in the Mel Brooks’ 2001 musical, The Producers. As they rehearsed for the show, they became good friends. Both received Tony Award Nominations for their performances as Max Bialystock (Lane) and Leo Bloom (Broderick). Lane wound up winning the trophy, but at the award ceremony, when he won, he asked Broderick to come up to the stage to accept the award with him. The friendship was sealed.

Prior to The Producers, both Lane and Broderick reunited with “Lion King,” co-star/friend Ernie Sabella, who provided the voice of Pumbaa the Warthog, for the Walt Disney World Attraction, Circle of Life: An Environmental Fable (1995). (Sabella also starred with Lane in the 1992 “Guys and Dolls,” revival.) All three reprised their characters for the direct-to-video sequels, The Lion King 2: Simba’s Pride (1998) and The Lion King 1 1/2 (2004). Lane also reunited with Sabella for The Lion King’s Timon & Pumbaa the TV Series (1995-1998).

In 2005, Lane and Broderick reprised their roles from The Producers for the film version where they appeared under the direction of Susan Stroman who had directed them on Broadway. (Nathan Lane received a Golden Globe nomination for his performance in the movie) That same year, they reunited again on Broadway for a revival of Neil Simon’s The Odd Couple with Lane as Oscar Madison and Broderick as Felix Ungar. They reunited again on Broadway in 2014 for the play, It’s Only a Play.

Both did other roles for Disney. Nathan Lane starred in the Touchstone Pictures film, Life with Mikey (1993) and voiced Spot Helperman in the Disney Channel Original Series, Teacher’s Pet (2000-2005) reprising the character for the 2004 film of the same name. He also voiced the animatronic Tom Morrow for the Disneyland attraction, Innoventions. Matthew Broderick starred in Disney’s Inspector Gadget (1999) and played Professor Harold Hill in ABC’s 2003 television adaptation of Meredith Wilson’s The Music Man.

    Lane and Broderick’s friendship continues. In addition to their Disney gigs, both are two-time Tony Winning Broadway Stars (Lane for “The Producers,” and A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum and Broderick for Brighton Beach Memoirs and How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying). Their voices played a significant role in helping make “The Lion King,” a classic but whether they are lending their voices to Disney or are appearing together on a Broadway stage, it’s easy to see their friendship is a lasting one.   

Return to Disney

“Return to me, oh my dear I’m so lonely. Hurry back, hurry back. Oh my love, hurry back. I’m yours.” Dean Martin sang these lyrics in a song back in 1957. The song that reached No. 4 on Billboard’s chart of “Best Selling Pop Singles in Stores.” The song would stay with Emmy and Golden Globe Nominee Bonnie Hunt all her life, becoming the inspiration for her romantic comedy Return to Me (2000) nearly 43 years later. Hunt wrote, directed, and starred in the movie, which featured a stellar cast. Many of the film’s actors have done Disney Animation, and were frequent collaborators with Hunt, herself a frequent Disney voice-over artist.

  Bonnie Hunt played the role of Megan Dayton in “Return to Me.” She made her Disney debut providing the voice of Rosie, the Black Widow Spider, in A Bug’s Life (1998). The year after “Return to Me,” she voiced Flint, the monster in charge of the Practice Simulation in Monsters, Inc. (2001). In addition to voicing Sally Carrera the Porsche in Cars (2006), she also wrote additional screenplay material the film. Then, she lent her voice to Dolly the Doll in Toy Story 3 (2010), which reunited her with co-star from The Green Mile (1999), Tom Hanks. She reprised her role as Sally for Cars 2 (2011), voiced Mrs. Graves the teacher in Monsters University (2013) and most recently portrayed Judy Hopps’s mother, Bonnie Hopps, in Zootopia (2016). (She played Sally again in Cars 3 (2017)). She has also voiced Aunt Tilly in the Disney Junior Series, Sofia the First (2013-present) and is currently set to reprise her role as Dolly in Toy Story 4 (2018). Hunt’s friend and writing partner, Don Lake, co-wrote “Return to Me,” also portraying the man with the hair transplant, and voiced Judy Hopps’s father, Stu Hopps in “Zootopia.”

David Duchovny played Bob Rueland in “Return to Me,” and David Alan Grier played his good friend Charlie Johnson. In addition to “Return to Me,” both had reoccurring roles on Bonnie Hunt’s sit-com, ABC’s Life with Bonnie (2002-2004). Marianne Muellerleile, who played Sophie in “Return to Me,” also had a reccurring role on “Life with Bonnie,” and she also played Sister Dominick on the Disney Channel Show, The Suite Life of Zack and Cody (2005-2008).

Minnie Driver played the character of Grace Briggs in “Return to Me,” and voiced Jane in Disney’s Tarzan (1999). Joely Richardson, who played Bob Rueland’s wife, Elizabeth Rueland, also starred in Disney’s live-action adaptation of 101 Dalmatians (1996). While both Driver and Richardson speak with American accents in “Return to Me,” both actresses in real life are natives of London, England and “Return to Me,” is their only collaboration with Bonnie Hunt.

Jim Belushi played the role of Megan’s husband, Joe Dayton in “Return to Me.” Like Hunt, Belushi had his own ABC sit-com, According to Jim (2001-2009). Belushi also voiced Benny the squirrel in the Disney animated film, The Wild (2006), starred in the live-action film, The Underdog (2007), and has done numerous work on live-action Disney channel shows as well. 

The four elderly men in “Return to Me,” were portrayed by Carroll O’Connor, Eddie Jones, Robert Loggia, and William Bronder. “Return to Me,” was O’Connor’s (Grace’s grandfather, Marty) final film. He passed away one year after its release. Robert Loggia, who played Angelo in “Return to Me,” voiced Sykes in Oliver & Company (1988). Both he and William Bronder passed away last year, seven months apart from one another. Eddie Jones, who played Megan’s dad, Emmett in “Return to Me,” also played Malcolm in Disney’s The Rocketeer (1991).

25 Facts You Might or Might Not Know About Beauty and the Beast

On November 22nd, 1991, Walt Disney Animation Studios released a film that Walt Disney himself had unsuccessfully attempted to adapt for the screen twice throughout his career. The film would be the very first animated feature ever to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, as well as 5 additional nominations, and like its predecessor from 2 years earlier, The Little Mermaid (1989), it also received the Oscars for Best Original Score and Best Original Song. On November 22nd, 2016, Walt Disney’s Beauty and the Beast (1991) will celebrate 25 years of being one of the most beloved movie-musicals of all-time, in the history of Disney and in the history of films in general.

The film received 6 Academy Award Nominations: Best Picture, Best Sound Mixing, Best Original Score, Best Original Songs “Beauty and the Beast,” “Belle,” and “Be Our Guest.” (The film won Best Original Score and Best Original Song “Beauty and the Beast.”)

Before Paige O’Hara was cast as the voice of Belle in the film, Disney originally considered casting Jodi Benson, who voiced Ariel in “The Little Mermaid,” in the part. Disney ultimately moved forward with O’Hara as Belle, believing that she could give the character a more “European,” sounding voice.

“Beauty and the Beast,” was the very first Disney movie ever to be readapted for the Broadway Stage. The show opened on April 18th, 1994 at the Palace Theatre and played 5,461 performances. The show received 9 Tony Award Nominations including Best Musical and won the trophy for Best Costume Design.

Tony Nominee Susan Egan received her nomination for originating the role of Belle in “Beauty and the Beast,” on Broadway. Egan later went on to provide the voice of Megara in the film version of Hercules (1997).

Christy Carlson Romano, who played Ren Stevens in the Disney Channel Original Show Even Stevens (2000-2003) and voiced Kim Possible in the Disney Channel Animated Series Kim Possible (2002-2007), also played Belle in “Beauty and the Beast,” on Broadway.

Howard Ashman who wrote lyrics for “Beauty and the Beast,” and also served as the film’s executive producer. He was terminally ill with AIDS throughout production of the film and unfortunately died at the age of 40, six months before the release of the movie. There is a special dedication to him that can be seen in the end credits.

Before Disney cast Angela Lansbury as the voice of Mrs. Potts, the studio originally considered Julie Andrews in the role. 

David Ogden Stiers, who provided the voice of Cogsworth initially auditioned for Lumiere. When the studio cast Jerry Orbach as Lumiere, he accepted the role of Cogsworth, though the studio also cast him as the narrator for the film’s opening sequence, which is a role that he reprised for the Broadway version.

When it came time for Angela Lansbury to fly into New York to record the song “Beauty and the Beast,” her flight was delayed due to a bomb scare. The film’s producer, Don Hahn, offered to postpone the recording until the next day, and tell the film’s orchestra, the New York Philharmonic to go home, but she insisted that she would just change planes and still come. When she finally got there, the first take of the song recorded wound up being used in the movie.

Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise, the fin’s co-writers/co-directors, also went on to write and direct The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996) and Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001).

David Ogden Stiers improvised Cogsworth’s line “Flowers, Chocolates, Promises you don’t intend to keep.”

The dancing scene between Belle and the Beast at the very end of the film is actually the exact same dancing scene used from Sleeping Beauty (1959) with Sleeping Beauty and Prince Phillip. The scene was redrawn with Belle and the Beast when the animators ran out of time during production of the movie to create a completely unique ending scene for Belle and the Beast.

The Beast’s real name is Prince Adam, and it is never mentioned in the film, but is acknowledged in the Broadway show.

Andreas Deja was the supervising animator for Gaston in the film, and was also the supervising animator for many other classic Disney villains including: Jafar in Aladdin (1992), Scar in The Lion King (1994) and Queen Narissa in Enchanted (2007).

The supervising animator for Belle, Mark Henn, was also the supervising animator for many other classic Disney Princesses, including Ariel in “The Little Mermaid,” Jasmine in “Aladdin,” Pocahontas in Pocahontas (1995), Mulan in Mulan (1998) and Tiana in The Princess the Frog (2009).

The voice of Gaston in the film, Richard White, was also in consideration to voice the villainous Governor Ratcliffe in “Pocahontas.” However, the studio decided that viewers would hear his voice and confuse the character for Gaston, so they cast David Ogden Stiers as Governor Ratcliffe instead. 

You can see a very brief cameo of Mrs. Potts and Chip in Disney’s Tarzan (1999) in the “Trashin’ the Camp,” sequence.

Walt Disney attempted to adapt “Beauty and the Beast,” for the silver screen in the ‘30s and the ‘50s. The movie was released in 1991, 25 years after his death in 1966.

Howard Ashman’s death occurred when “Aladdin” was in-production at Disney as well. Prior to that, he and Alan Menken wrote the songs for the film “Arabian Nights,” “Friend Like Me,” and “Prince Ali.” To finish writing the rest of the material, Disney hired Sir Tim Rice to collaborate with Alan Menken on the songs “A Whole New World,” “One Jump Ahead,” and “Prince Ali (Reprise).” Rice reunited with Alan Menken for the Broadway versions of “Beauty and the Beast,” and “Aladdin,” and also collaborated with Sir Elton John for the film and Broadway versions of The Lion King (1994).

Each of the film’s original voice cast members reprised each of their characters for the direct-to-video sequels to “Beauty and the Beast,” Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas (1997) and Beauty and the Beast: Belle’s Magical World (1998).

In addition to being the very first animated feature ever to receive an Academy Award Nomination for Best Picture, the fact that “Beauty and the Beast,” was nominated in that category also marked the first time that the Disney Studios had received an Best Picture Oscar Nomination since Mary Poppins in 1964.

As a child, Angela Lansbury knew a cook with a very friendly cockney accent named Beatrice whom she called “Beatty.” Beatty’s voice served as Lansbury’s character voice for Mrs. Potts.

Tony Jay who provided the voice of Monsieur D’Arque in the film was hired on the spot in his try-out to voice the character by Don Hahn, Gary Trousdale, and Kirk Wise. He was later re-hired by the exact same 3 men to voice the main antagonist, Judge Claude Frollo in “The Hunchback of Notre Dame.”  

“Beauty and the Beast,” will be readapted as a live-action film to be released on March 17th, 2017. The cast includes Emma Watson, Dan Stevens, Ewan McGregor, Emma Thompson, and Sir Ian McKellen. It is under the writing/direction of Oscar-nominated screenwriter, Bill Condon.

Jesse Corti who voiced Lefou in the film was a Spanish dignitary in “Frozen.” Josh Gad voiced Olaf the snowman in “Frozen,” will portray Lefou in the live-action “Beauty and the Beast” film.                                 

“Beauty and the Beast,” still reigns as one of Disney’s best films and will be remembered for many, many years. While every Disney movie has its own unique history at the studio, “Beauty and the Beast’s,” history truly is one of the studio’s most special chapters.  

The Spielberg Effect

Steven Spielberg is a movie director who needs no introduction! From Jaws (1975) and the Indiana Jones series (1981-2008) to E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) and Bridge of Spies (2015), each of his films have never ceased to entertain us and they will continue to do so for years to come. Like Garry Marshall, Steven Spielberg also invites repeat performances by actors in continuing his work. And several of the actors who have worked with Spielberg have received Academy Award nominations for their performances. They have also been in films that are Disney-produced or have had the Disney label, and I thought we could discuss that today.

Richard Dreyfuss appeared under Spielberg’s direction with in Jaws (1975) and Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977). For Disney, Dreyfuss voiced the Centipede in James and the Giant Peach (1996), starred in Disney/ABC’s non-musical adaptation of Oliver Twist (1997), and for Touchstone Pictures, made the movies, Stakeout (1987), What About Bob? (1991), Another Stakeout (1993), Mr. Holland’s Opus (1995), and Krippendorf’s Tribe (1998). (His “Close Encounters” co-star Melinda Dillon received an Academy Award Nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her performance as Jillian Guiler.)

Whoopi Goldberg received a Best Actress Oscar Nomination for her performance as Celie Johnson in The Color Purple (1985), and Oprah Winfrey received a Best Supporting Actress Oscar Nomination her performance as Sofia. For Disney, Goldberg voiced Shenzi the Hyena in The Lion King (1994) and Winfrey voiced Eudora, Tiana’s mother in The Princess and the Frog (2009).

Anthony Hopkins was nominated for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as John Quincy Adams in Spielberg’s Amistad (1997). 2 years prior to that, he received a Best Actor Oscar Nomination for impersonating another former president, Richard Nixon in Nixon (1995), which was produced by Hollywood Pictures, another one of many film companies spawned by Disney. Hopkins also starred in the Touchstone Pictures film Bad Company (2002) and currently portrays the role of Odin in the Disney/Marvel Thor franchise (2011-present).

Liam Neeson and Ralph Fiennes were both nominated for their performances (Neeson in Best Actor and Fiennes in Best Supporting Actor) as Oskar Schindler and Amon Geoth in Schindler’s List (1993). While Ralph Fiennes has never made anything for Disney, Liam Neeson starred in Touchstone’s, The Good Mother (1988). He also made Hollywood Pictures films Before and After (1996) and Gun Shy (2000). He portrayed Qui-Gon Jin in Star Wars Episode 1: The Phantom Menace (1999) and for films under the Disney label, he voiced Aslan the Lion in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005) and The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (2008). (He reprised the role for “The Voyage of the Dawn Treader,” which was released under 20th Century Fox.) He also voiced Fujimoto in the Disney English dub of Hayao Miyazaki’s Ponyo (2008). Ironically, Liam Neeson was beaten for the Best Actor Oscar in 1993 by frequent Spielberg collaborator, Tom Hanks for his performance as Andrew Beckett in Philadelphia (1993). 

Tom Hanks received his 4th Best Actor Oscar Nomination for his performance as Captain Miller in Saving Private Ryan (1998). With Spielberg, Hanks also made Catch Me If You Can (2002), The Terminal (2004), and Bridge of Spies (2015). Hanks and Spielberg have also produced several projects together, including the HBO series, Band of Brothers (2001). You might remember from my previous blogs everything that Hanks has made for Disney.

Christopher Walken received an Oscar Nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as Frank Abagnale Sr. in Catch Me If You Can (2002). Walken's first film that was Disney-produced was Things to do in Denver When You’re Dead (1995). He portrayed Reed Thimple in the Disney live-action film The Country Bears (2002) and just recently provided the voice of King Louie in The Jungle Book (2016).

Daniel Day-Lewis won his 3rd Academy Award for impersonating Abraham Lincoln in Lincoln (2012) making him the 1st Oscar Winner to win an Oscar for a performance in a Spielberg film as well as the 1st Oscar Winner ever to win 3 Oscars for portraying leading roles, having previously won for My Left Foot (1989) and There Will Be Blood (2007). “Lincoln” was released under Touchstone Pictures. Lewis was also nominated for his performance as William “Bill the Butcher” Cutting in Martin Scorsese’s Gangs of New York (2002), which was also released under Touchstone.

Mark Rylance won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as Rudolf Abel in Steven Spielberg’s Bridge of Spies (2015) which was released under Touchstone. Rylance also portrayed the titular character in Disney’s The BFG (2016) which was also directed by Steven Spielberg. (The movie was also Spielberg’s first film released under Disney.)                   

Each of these movie stars arguably made some of the best movies of their careers under the direction of Steven Spielberg. The actors’ talents combined with Spielberg’s seem to be an extraordinary combination!